For a given learner and learning outcome, the learner must:
- Be safe, healthy and comfortable (enough);
- Be motivated;
- Engage in relevant activity towards the learning outcome.
These five elements (learner, learning outcome, safety, motivation, activity) and their relationships form the basic system in which all learning takes place.
Relevant activity is key; safety and motivation are pre-requisites. All other things being equal and within reasonable limits, more of each of these things is better.